In 1996, Jeremy started working for UUNET in Marketing and Business
Development, planning the execution of UUNET start-up businesses in the
Nordics and Southern Europe.
Hi Stefano
I have long held the view that telecoms is a natural monopoly. This starts for me with the economics of laying fibre. One company laying fibre can provide capacity far more cost effectively for an entire population that could 2 or 3 or more, sharing the customers. This is because the major cost is in digging the road and laying the ducts. Once you have done that, you can provide additional capacity and additional customers for a small marginal cost.
La fibra è un monopolio naturale
Problems come when more than one network is built. In these cases more is spent building the two networks than would be spent building just one with double the total capacity. So, multiple networks are fundamentally uneconomic.
La competizione sulle infrastrutture porta ad una misallocazione degli investimenti
When you have multiple networks you also see over supply and a price war. Once you have built a network and found that you have competitors in the same position, it makes sense to try and recover something, even if it is a small percentage of your total investment, rather than letting your competitor win all the customers with a cheaper price. While a price war is good for consumers in the short term, for investors in particular it is very bad indeed. Just ask the people who paid for the Jazztel, Versatel, Verizon networks for example...
La competizione sulle infrastrutture, monopolio naturale, elimina la remunerazione degli investimenti
In the long term, consumers also lose because those same investors will shy away from later investments. I think this is where we are now. There is a lot of "once bitten, twice shy" money sitting on the sidelines gravitating towards private equity (to extract value from earlier investments), rather than going into next gen networks, products and systems.
La non remunerazione degli investimenti frena gli investimenti, torneremo su questo punto.
IP as a protocol has always encouraged monopolistic approaches, the first example I can identify clearly was that of UUNET in the 1990s. Without regulatory intervention, which happened when parent company WorldCom acquired MCI, UUNET would have denied peering to anyone. Indeed, such was its market strength at the time (60% share) that it could have demanded fees from its Tier 1 "peers" simply because they would not have been able to offer a universal service without interconnection with UUNET. That the company chose the opposite route and opened up to more peers, including some major European carriers, was due to the regulatory pressure.
Le reti IP tendono al monopolio, le regole servono ad aprire il mercato
I had not properly considered the impact of peer to peer, which as you state below promises to further concentrate the benefits of scale. What you say about "on-net" performance being superior is undoubtedly true - we know this from the messaging of corporate ISPs for many years now.
Questo era in risposta ad una mia osservazione che
due to the fact that IP traffic is routed at the nearest point whilst operators peer at distant points, in the medium term, the operator that has the majority of users will provide to users a better experience grabbing even larger market shares.
Lui porta il discorso sul piano del messaging, brillante analogia, molto calzante.
[..]
The problem with monopolies is where they are either stagnant - avoiding investment because they don't have to invest - or artificially constrained by regulation. PTTs have been constrained so as to create a market, but what we have found is that now there is a market, it is the companies that were created by the artificial intervention that are most at risk from the price competition and unnecessary infrastructure that regulatory action caused them to build.
La forzatura e' stata voler costruire un mercato la' dove c'era un monopolio naturale e non solo sui servizi, con le esternalita' negative di cui sopra
[..]
Warm regards
Jeremy