... va bene cosi'.
certo che, a parte gli organizzatori del workshop ETNO, i loro collaboratori, giornalisti e consulenti, è proprio difficile trovare qualcuno entusiasta di quell'idea...
Internet Traffic Exchange - Papers - OECD iLibrary.
certo che, a parte gli organizzatori del workshop ETNO, i loro collaboratori, giornalisti e consulenti, è proprio difficile trovare qualcuno entusiasta di quell'idea...
Internet Traffic Exchange - Papers - OECD iLibrary.
Since the Internet was commercialised in the early 1990s, it has developed an efficient market for connectivity based on voluntary contractual agreements. Operating in a highly competitive environment, largely without regulation or central organisation, the Internet model of traffic exchange has produced low prices, promoted efficiency and innovation, and attracted the investment necessary to keep pace with demand.
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Stated in terms of an equivalent per-minute price for voice-over-IP (VoIP) traffic, the combined cost to caller and recipient is less than USD 0.0000008 per minute, five orders of magnitude less expensive than wholesale services providing comparable functions in TDM markets. This improvement has been achieved with little or no intervention by regulatory authorities. It is to be hoped that, as the Internet market continues to grow and new generations of equipment become more efficient, still lower unit prices are forthcoming. In any case, the performance already achieved is far better, by any measure, than anything observed in the market for circuit-switched traffic exchange.
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More substantially, the anomalies in TDM prices and access arrangements have influenced the behaviour of consumers and providers alike.
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Although some of these extreme examples are outliers with relatively small effects on the market overall, inefficiencies in the wholesale market for traffic exchange can lead to major losses in social welfare.
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An inefficient market for traffic exchange can inhibit investment or direct it to less productive uses. Because TDM voice traffic is declining in most markets, and new carrier voice equipment has been predominantly VoIP for at least ten years, the question of new investment in circuit-switched equipment is largely moot.102 But the rapid growth in IP traffic is creating an ongoing need for large investments to expand the capacity of Internet backbones as well as local broadband access networks. So far, the Internet model of traffic exchange has worked effectively to call forth the investment necessary to keep up with the explosive growth in traffic and to direct that investment to the areas where it is most productive; the forward-looking challenge of meeting these investment needs is discussed in the Report, under―Challenges for the future.‖ It is doubtful, though, that these results could have been achieved had the Internet market shared the pricing models and incentive structures of the TDM market.
...
Stated in terms of an equivalent per-minute price for voice-over-IP (VoIP) traffic, the combined cost to caller and recipient is less than USD 0.0000008 per minute, five orders of magnitude less expensive than wholesale services providing comparable functions in TDM markets. This improvement has been achieved with little or no intervention by regulatory authorities. It is to be hoped that, as the Internet market continues to grow and new generations of equipment become more efficient, still lower unit prices are forthcoming. In any case, the performance already achieved is far better, by any measure, than anything observed in the market for circuit-switched traffic exchange.
...
More substantially, the anomalies in TDM prices and access arrangements have influenced the behaviour of consumers and providers alike.
...
Although some of these extreme examples are outliers with relatively small effects on the market overall, inefficiencies in the wholesale market for traffic exchange can lead to major losses in social welfare.
....
An inefficient market for traffic exchange can inhibit investment or direct it to less productive uses. Because TDM voice traffic is declining in most markets, and new carrier voice equipment has been predominantly VoIP for at least ten years, the question of new investment in circuit-switched equipment is largely moot.102 But the rapid growth in IP traffic is creating an ongoing need for large investments to expand the capacity of Internet backbones as well as local broadband access networks. So far, the Internet model of traffic exchange has worked effectively to call forth the investment necessary to keep up with the explosive growth in traffic and to direct that investment to the areas where it is most productive; the forward-looking challenge of meeting these investment needs is discussed in the Report, under―Challenges for the future.‖ It is doubtful, though, that these results could have been achieved had the Internet market shared the pricing models and incentive structures of the TDM market.
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